高中語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)二
倒裝
所謂倒裝也就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)之前的現(xiàn)象。其中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部放在主語(yǔ)之前的叫作全部或完全倒裝；把謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的則稱(chēng)為部分倒裝。
一、全部倒裝。
1． 由here，there，now, then + come/go …時(shí)。如：
There goes the bell! Now comes your turn.。
2．副詞out，in, into, away, up, down等置于句首時(shí)。如：
Out jumped a tiger from behind a rock. In came an old man with a long white beard.
3. 當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。如：
At the corner of the street stands a newly-opened tea house.
On the wall hang two pictures.
但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Here they are.
Out they went into the forest.
Away they rushed when they saw some enemy soldiers running along.
二、部分倒裝
1．在口語(yǔ)中，用在以so，neither，nor引起的縮略答語(yǔ)中，即So do sb./ Neither(nor) do sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。(So do sb: 兩者比較，也是如此；So sb does: 同一個(gè)人再次確定，確實(shí)如此)
2．only + 狀語(yǔ)放句首。如：
1） Only when he reached school did he realize that he left his textbook at home.
2） Only then did she see her mother.
3） Only in this way can we improve our English.
3．表否定意義的成分 little; few; seldom; neither; nor; no; not; never; hardly; scarcely（很少）放在句首時(shí)。如：
1) Never shall I forget the day when I met Mr.Wang in the countryside.
2)As she is busy writing an important article, seldom does she watch Tv.
3)Hardly does the hibernating animal make any movement and need any food in winter.
4)Little did I expect to meet him on such an occasion.
4．幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) Not only+倒… but also+順
Not only is he a diligent student, but also he is a warmhearted helper.
2) Neither+倒… nor +順
Neither did they remain silent nor any one of them shout at the top of his voice.
3)Either +倒… or +順
Either will he choose to stay or go with the big group.
4)Not until置于句首時(shí)， Not until+時(shí)間+肯定句的部分倒裝（沒(méi)有not ）
Not until he lost his health did he realize what good health meant.（倒裝在后）
5．在虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)if省略時(shí), 后面的had, should ，were提到句首，剩下部分不變。
If he had known about it , he would have come to the meeting yestersay. = Had he known about it, …
If it were to rain tomorrow, we wouldn’t have the meeting. = Were it to rain tomorrow, …
6. 在so + adj/adv + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so + adj/adv置于句首時(shí)。如：
So louldly did he speak that everybody could hear him clearly.
7. 在Scarcely / Hardly had …when和No sooner had… than(剛…就…)的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
Hardly had I got back when I started cooking.
No sooner had we sat down than he found it was time to go.
8. 在頻度狀語(yǔ)often, always, many a time等開(kāi)頭的句子中
Often did we warn them not to do so.
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
9. 在as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中 = Though／Although。。。(此時(shí)不可用 As…, 因?yàn)閍s放句首時(shí)只能表示因?yàn)榛蚴钱?dāng)。。。的時(shí)候)
Young as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he works, he is not good at maths.
放中間時(shí)as和though可以替換, 注意名詞前提時(shí)不帶任何冠詞。
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳