1. Sometimes, the topic sentence follows a hook, which is a sentence intended to grab readers’ attention. (Page 40)

hook: noun [C] a curved device used for catching or holding things, especially one fixed to a surface for hanging things on 在文中引申為吸引讀者注意的詞句

a coat/picture hook a boat hook a fish hook

intend: to have as a plan or purpose:

[+ to infinitive] We intend to go to Australia next year.

Somehow I offended him, which wasn't what I'd intended.

[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark.

The course is intended for intermediate-level students.

It was intended as a compliment, honestly!

2. The beginning paragraph should capture readers’ attention and keep them interested in reading the text. (Page 40)

capture:

(1)If something captures your imagination or attention, you feel very interested and excited by it:

The American drive to land a man on the Moon captured the imagination/attention of the whole world.

(2)to take someone as a prisoner, or to take something into your possession, especially by force:

Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were captured.

Rebel forces captured the city after a week-long battle.

(3) to represent or describe something very accurately using words or images:

It would be impossible to capture her beauty in a painting.

(4) to record or take a picture of something using a camera:

A passer-by captured the whole incident on film.

3. They expand on the idea presented in the topic sentence. (Page 40)

expand: verb [I or T] to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase in this way:

The air in the balloon expands when heated.

They expanded their retail operations significantly during the 1980s.

expand on sth to give more details about something you have said or written:

She mentioned a few ideas, but she didn't expand on them.

4. Teachers should teach students not to discriminate against people with the disease. (Page 41)

discriminate: verb [I] to treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, religion, sex, etc:

She felt she had been discriminated against because of her age.

In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee decided to discriminate in favour of women for three years.

discrimination noun [U]

racial/sex discrimination